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Title 10x [1200mcg 25i-NBOMe] blotters !
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Description 25I-NBOMe



Chemistry and structure

Like other 2C-X-NBOMe molecules,
25I-NBOMe is a derivative of the 2C family of phenethylamines described by
Alexander Shulgin in his book PiHKAL.[5][6] Specifically,
25I-NBOMe is an N-benzyl derivative of the phenethylamine molecule 2C-I,
formed by adding a 2-methoxybenzyl (MeOB) onto the nitrogen (N) of
the phenethylamine backbone. This substitution significantly increases the
potency of the
molecule.[5]

Synthesis[edit]

25I-NBOMe is usually synthesised from 2C-I and 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, in
a reductive alkylation. It can be done stepwise by first making the imine
and then reducing the formed imine with sodium borohydride, or by
direct reaction with sodium
triacetoxyborohydride.[1]

Pharmacology[edit]

Ki-values[7][8]


Receptor

Ki
(nM)

±



5-HT2A
0.044

5-HT2C
2


5-HT6
73 12

?-opioid
82 14

H1
189 35


5-HT2B
231 73

?-opioid
288 50


25I-NBOMe acts as a
highly potent full agonist for the human 5-HT2A receptor,[7][9] with a Ki
of 0.044 nM, making it some sixteen times the potency of 2C-I
itself, and a radiolabelled form of 25I-NBOMe can be used for mapping the
distribution of 5-HT2A receptors in the brain.[8] It is one of the
only full agonists of the human 5-HT2A in existence. In vitro tests showed
this compound acted as an agonist. Head twitch studies in mice
have confirmed that 25I-NBOMe activates the 5-HT2A receptor in vivo, and
demonstrated that 25I-NBOMe is approximately 14-fold more potent
than 2C-I.[10] While the in vitro studies showed that N-benzyl derivatives
of 2C-I were significantly increased in potency compared to 2C-I,
the N-benzyl derivatives of DOI were inactive.[11]

Ki values of the following targets were greater than 500 nM: 5-HT1A,
D3, H2, 5-HT1D, ?1A adrenergic, ? opioid, serotonin uptake transporter,
5-HT5A, 5-HT1B, D2, 5-HT7, D1, 5-HT3, 5-HT1E, D5, muscarinic
M1-M5, H3, and the dopamine uptake transporter.[8]

A forensic standard of 25I-NBOMe is available, and the compound has
been posted on the Forendex website of potential drugs of abuse.[12]

25I-NBOMe induces a head-twitch response in mice
which is blocked completely by a selective 5-HT2A antagonist, suggesting
its psychedelic effects are mediated by
5-HT2A.[13]

Recreational use[edit]

Although 25I-NBOMe was discovered in 2003, it did not emerge as a
common recreational drug until 2010, when it was first sold by vendors
specialising in the supply of research chemicals.[citation needed] In
a slang context, the name of the compound is often shortened to ?25I?.
According to a 2014 survery, 25I-NBOMe is the most frequently
used of the NBOMe series.[14] Case reports of 25I-NBOMe intoxication, with
and without analytic confirmation of the drug in the body, are
increasing in the medical literature.[6]

25I-NBOMe is inactive orally, and the most common methods of administration
are
sublingual, buccal, and nasal.[14] For sublingual and buccal
administration, 25I-NBOMe is applied to sheets of blotter paper ? usually
perforated with a uniform grid ? of which small portions (tabs) are placed
under the tongue or in the buccal space of the mouth, where the
drug can be readily absorbed via mucous membranes.[5] There are reports of
intravenous injection of 25I-NBOMe solution and smoking the drug
in powdered form.[15][16]

Due to its potency, small quantities of 25I-NBOMe can provide a large
numbers of doses. Vendors
may import 25I-NBOMe in bulk and resell individual doses for considerable
profit.[5]

Because blotter paper is also a
common distribution medium for LSD, 25I-NBOMe blotters are sometimes
misrepresented as, and mistaken for, LSD blotters.[17] There are
methods of differentiating between LSD and other compounds with and without
test
kits.[18]

Dosage[edit]

25I-NBOMe is potent, being active in sub-milligram doses. A common dose of
the
hydrochloride salt is 600?1,200 µg. The UK Advisory Council on the
Misuse of Drugs states that a common dose is between 50 and 100
µg,[5] although other sources indicate that these figures are
incorrect; Erowid tentatively suggests that the threshold dosage for
humans
is 50?250 µg, with a light dose between 200?600 µg, a common
dose at 500?800 µg, and a strong dose at 700?1500 µg.[19] At
this
level of potency, it is almost impossible to accurately measure a single
dose of the powder form, and attempting to do so may put the user
at risk of overdose.[5]

Effects[edit]

25I-NBOMe effects usually last 6?10 hours if taken
sublingually or buccally.[16] When it is insufflated, effects usually last
4?6 hours.[16] Effects can however last significantly longer
depending on dosage; durations longer than 12 hours have been reported.

25I-NBOMe can also be vaporized and inhaled, this
may cause significantly quicker effects and shorter duration as is expected
from that route of administration. This route of administration
is however not recommended, unless when using precise liquid measurement,
due to the difficulties of measuring and handling substances
active in the microgram range.

25I-NBOMe has similar effects to LSD, though users report more negative
effects while high
and more risk of harm following use as compared to other classic
psychedelics.[14]

Case reports of seven British males
who presented to an emergency room following analytically confirmed
25I-NBOMe intoxication suggest the following potential adverse effects:
tachycardia (n = 7), hypertension (4), agitation (6), aggression, visual
and auditory hallucinations (6), seizures (3), hyperpyrexia (3),
clonus (2), elevated white cell count (2), elevated creatine kinase (7),
metabolic acidosis (3), and acute kidney injury
(1).[15]


Desired[edit]
strong open- and closed-eye visuals, including trails, color shifts,
brightening, etc.[16]
mood lift
euphoria
mental and physical stimulation
increase in associative &
creative thinking
increased awareness & appreciation of music
life-changing spiritual experiences
feelings of
love and empathy
increased pattern recognition
synesthesia and chromesthesia (intensified for those who typically
experience these)

Neutral[edit]
general change in consciousness
pupil dilation
unusual body
sensations (paresthesia, flushing, chills, goose bumps)
change in perception of time, time dilation
increased heart
rate
jaw clenching (bruxism)
yawning, especially when coming up
insomnia
looping, recursive,
out-of-control thinking

Undesired[edit]

(Includes negative side effects arising from overdose;
likelihood of negative side effects increases with dose)
confusion and difficulty focusing
scrambled
communication
vasoconstriction
nausea and vomiting (normally only during the onset for those affected)
paranoia,
fear, and panic
unwanted and overwhelming feelings or life-changing spiritual
experiences
syncopy
shaking
dystonia, clonus and seizure
death (Usually only reported in extremely high
doses)


Tolerance[edit]

Users of 25I-NBOMe have reported that it causes physiological
tolerance that may last for around 2-4 weeks. This tolerance is described
as diminishing the efficacy of subsequent doses of 25I-NBOMe, as
well as interfering with the efficacy of other phenethylamines.[20] This
kind of temporary, rapidly-developed tolerance is a typical side
effect of a number of other drugs of the phenethylamine class, such as
MDMA.This tolerance will also affect the tolerance one has to a
variety of other drugs.

Toxicity and harm potential[edit]

Recreational use of 25I-NBOME carries
significant risk of both pharmacological and behavioral toxicity.[6][15]
25I-NBOMe is a relatively new substance, and little is known about
its pharmacological risks or its interaction with other substances. The
LD50 has not yet been determined.[21] It is a highly potent
serotonin agonist and, due to its psychedelic effects and ambiguous legal
status, a designer drug with reports of recreational use beginning
in 2010. Reports of deaths and significant injuries have been attributed to
the use of 25I-NBOMe, prompting some governments to control its
possession, production, and sale. The harm-reduction website Erowid states
that 25I-NBOMe is extremely potent and should not be snorted as
this method of administration ?appears to have led to several deaths in the
past year.?[17] Several non-fatal overdoses requiring
prolonged hospitalization have also been reported.[5][6][15]

The BBC carried a report in 2014 of a 26-year-old male who
took "N-bomb" and drank alcohol the previous year at a party in
Cornwall, and was found by passers-by having a
seizure.

As of May 2013, 25I-NBOMe has reportedly led to five overdose deaths in the
United States.[22] In June 2012, two
teens in Grand Forks, North Dakota and East Grand Forks, Minnesota fatally
overdosed on a substance that was allegedly 25I-NBOMe, resulting
in lengthy sentences for two of the parties involved and a Federal
indictment against the Texas based online vendor.[23] A 21-year-old man
from Little Rock, Arkansas died in October 2012 after taking a liquid drop
of the drug nasally at a music festival. He was reported to have
consumed caffeinated alcoholic beverages for ?several hours? beforehand. It
is unclear what other drugs he may have consumed, as
autopsies generally do not test for the presence of research
chemicals.[24][25] In January 2013, an 18 year-old in Scottsdale, Arizona,
died
after consuming 25I-NBOMe sold as LSD; a toxicology screening found no
other drugs in the person's system. The drug is the suspected
cause of death in another Scottsdale, Arizona, incident in April 2013.[5]

25I-NBOMe has been implicated in multiple
deaths in Australia.[5] In March 2012, a man in Australia died from
injuries sustained by running into trees and power poles while
intoxicated by 25I-NBOMe.[26] A Sydney teenager jumped to his death on June
5, 2013. He reportedly jumped off a balcony thinking he could
fly.[27]

Legal status[edit]

Australia[edit]

25I-NBOMe was explicitly scheduled in
Queensland (Australian) drug law in April 2012, and in New South Wales in
October 2013, as were some related compounds such as 25B-NBOMe.
The Australian federal government has no specific legislation concerning
any of the N-benzyl phenethylamines.[citation
needed]

Israel[edit]

Israel banned 25I-NBOMe in
2013.[28]

Russia[edit]

Russia was the first country to pass specific regulations on the NBOME
series.
All drugs in the NBOMe series, including 25I-NBOMe, became illegal in
Russia in October
2011.[28]

Sweden[edit]

25I-NBOMe was classified as a Schedule I substance in publication LVFS
2013:15
by the Medical Products Agency.[29] The classification took effect on 1
Aug, 2013.

United
Kingdom[edit]

N-benzylated phenethylamines such as 25I-NBOMe were initially unaffected by
the legal status of
phenethylamine-class drugs.[5] The British government issued a temporary
class drug order on a list of emerging recreational drugs,
including 25I-NBOMe, on 4 June 2013. The order, which took effect on 10
June 2013 and will last for up to twelve months, prohibits the
production, import and sale of ?the NBOMe and Benzofury groups of
substances?.[30]

The UK Home Office announced that
25I-NBOMe would be made a class A drug on 10th June 2014 alongside every
other N-benzyl phenethylamine.[31]

United
States[edit]

On Nov 15, 2013, the DEA added 25I-NBOMe (and 25C-, and 25B-NBOMe) to
Schedule I using their emergency
scheduling powers, making those NBOMe compounds "temporarily" in
Schedule I for two
years.[32]

Romania[edit]

In 2011, Romania banned all psychoactive substances,[33] no matter what
they
really are.[34]

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